View source for Personal pronouns in Norwegian

This page relates to the application '''A Norwegian Grammar Sparrer''', see [[A Norwegian Grammar Sparrer]].

On clicking on the icon below, you will come to the Sparrer:  

[[File:Troll1.jpeg‎|100px|link=http://regdili.hf.ntnu.no:8081/studentAce/parse]], 

Instructions for its use are found at [[Classroom:Norwegian Grammar Checking]]



'''Personal pronouns''' in Norwegian are distinguished partly by person, partly by number, partly by inherent gender, and partly by '''''case''''' in instances where a distinction like what is often called ''nominative vs. accusative'' plays a role in Norwegian. The following example illustrates:

<Phrase>422024</Phrase>

The following is a full list of the forms serving as personal pronouns:

 '''''jeg'''''    1p  sg            nominative
 '''''meg'''''    1p  sg            accusative   reflexive_or_non-reflexive
 '''''du'''''     2p  sg            nominative
 '''''deg'''''    2p  sg            accusative   reflexive_or_non-reflexive
 '''''han'''''    3p  sg   masc     nominative
 '''''ham'''''    3p  sg   masc     accusative   non-reflexive
 '''''hun'''''    3p  sg   fem      nominative
 '''''henne'''''  3p  sg   fem      accusative   non-reflexive
 '''''den'''''    3p  sg   masc/fem 
 '''''det'''''    3p  sg   neut
 '''''seg'''''    3p                accusative   reflexive_only
 '''''vi'''''     1p  pl            nominative
 '''''oss'''''    1p  pl            accusative   reflexive_or_non-reflexive
 '''''dere'''''   2p  pl                         reflexive_or_non-reflexive
 '''''de'''''     3p  pl            nominative
 '''''dem'''''    3p  pl            accusative   non-reflexive
 
See [[Possessive constructions in Norwegian]] on how these forms compare to their possessive counterparts.

The forms '''''den''''', '''''det''''' and '''''de''''' are homophonous to the '''''definite articles'''''.

Reflexive use of a personal pronoun is restricted to accusative forms, obligatory for one form, namely '''''seg''''' in 3rd person, optional for the accusative forms in 1st and 2nd person, and impossible for the other forms in 3rd person (see further in [[Reflexives - Norwegian]]).

The forms '''''den''''', '''''det''''', '''''de''''' and '''''dem''''' also have uses where they may be called '''''demonstratives''''', here in a group with '''''denne''''', '''''dette''''' and '''''disse''''' distinguished along a dimension of proximity (in space, discourse or attention):

 '''''den'''''    3p  sg   masc/fem    non-proximate
 '''''det'''''    3p  sg   neut        non-proximate
 '''''denne'''''  3p  sg   masc/fem    proximate
 '''''dette'''''  3p  sg   neut        proximate
 '''''de'''''     3p  pl   nominative  non-proximate
 '''''dem'''''    3p  pl   accusative  non-proximate
 '''''disse'''''  3p  pl               proximate