Difference between revisions of "Annotating Tumbuka"

Latest revision as of 20:52, 28 January 2016

THIS PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

For more information about Tumbuka (CiTumbuka)see:Typological Features Template for Tumbuka (CiTumbuka)

One of the challenges in glossing a Bantu language is the representation of the verb and its affixes. Bantu languages are agglutinating, and a verb in Tumbuka can be preceded by several prefixes, and it can be followed by several suffixes. Suffixes can be followed by end-clitics, such as -só meaning 'again' or po which is a locative. One way of representing verb affixation is through the use of verb schemata where the verb root is accompanied by slots (SLT) each of which hosts one or several affixes of a specific grammatical type.

**Morphological Verb Template for Tumbuka**
SUBJ.M	TA1	(MOD)	(OM),(REFL)	ROOT	(EXT)	(TA2)	FV	(Clitic)
SLT1	SLT2	SLT3	SLT4		SLT5	SLT6	SLT7	SLT8

Note that only the subject marker (expressing noun class agreement) a tense/aspect marker, both preceding the root and a final vowel are obligatory, all other verb extensions are optional. The subject marker has a dual functional status; in case of a realised subject it functions as an agreement marker,otherwise as an incorporated pronominal argument (see (Bresnan and Mchombo 1986, 1987)

.

**Verbal affixes in CiTumbuka**
Slot	Suffix	Example	Comment
1	Subject agreement or Subject pro-form
2	Tense & Aspect
3	Modality
4	Object marker, Reflexive marker
5	Extension (Derivation)
6	Tense & Aspect
7	Final Vowel (Mood)
8	Clitics

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-We have annotated the following sentence;
+{{TcCopyEdit}}
-<Phrase>2797</Phrase>
+by [[User:Jean Chavula|Jean Chavula]]
-Here little stuff: it seems that the meaning of 'ka' in ''akamayeza''is still not reflected in the annotation; perhaps that could be added; also the POS tag for the possessive is still missing.
-Here a questions potentially more important; I am wondering about the the annotation of noun classes If noun classes are not indicated we cannot identify in the glosses which elements the nouns actually agree with.I guess we need class information both on the nouns and the verbs that they agree with.
+'''THIS PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION'''
-Finally, there is a habitual marker on the verb ''test'', but unless a habitual is systematically interpreted as a present in Chichewa, we should have a reflex of its meaning also in English; perhaps with a translation such as ''In hospitals, always when they test...''. Would that in fact be a good translation of this sentence?
+For more information about Tumbuka (CiTumbuka)see:[[Typological Features Template for Tumbuka (CiTumbuka)]]
-Looking at the following sentence, what is really the function of ''ana'' in ''limalimbana''? Looking carefully it also seems that the imported nouns:
+One of the challenges in glossing a Bantu language is the representation of the verb and its affixes. Bantu languages are agglutinating, and a verb in Tumbuka can be preceded by several prefixes, and it can be followed by several suffixes. Suffixes can be followed by end-clitics, such as ''-só'' meaning 'again' or ''po'' which is a locative. One way of representing verb affixation is through the use of verb schemata where the verb root is accompanied by slots (SLT) each of which hosts one or several affixes of a specific grammatical type.
-''mavayilasi'', ''maparasayiti'' etc. carry a class marker. It probably would  be a good idea to annotate those.
-<Phrase>2775</Phrase>
+{| style="width:55%; height:50px" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2"
+|- style=background:#FF8C00; color:#006400
+|+ style="color:brown"|'''Morphological Verb Template for Tumbuka'''
+|SUBJ.M|| TA1||(MOD)||(OM),(REFL)||style="color:yellow" |ROOT||(EXT)||(TA2)||FV||(Clitic)
+|-style=background:#FF8C00; color:#00640
+| SLT1||SLT2||SLT3||SLT4||||SLT5||SLT6||SLT7||SLT8
+|}
+Note that only the subject marker (expressing noun class agreement)  a tense/aspect marker, both preceding the root
+and a final vowel are obligatory, all other verb extensions are optional. The subject marker has a dual functional status; in case of
+a realised subject it functions as an agreement marker,otherwise as an incorporated pronominal argument (see [[Bantu Bibliography|(Bresnan and Mchombo 1986, 1987)]]
+.
+{|| border="1" cellpadding="2"
+|-style="color:brown"
+|+ align="bottom" style="caption-side: bottom; color:brown" |'''Verbal affixes in CiTumbuka'''
+!width="50"|Slot
+!width="225"|Suffix
+!width="225"|Example
+!width="225"|Comment
+|- style="background:white;color:brown"
+|--style="color:brown"
+|1||Subject agreement or Subject pro-form||<Phrase>6328</Phrase>
+||
+|-style="color:brown"
+|2||Tense & Aspect || ||
+|-style="color:brown"
+|3||Modality||<Phrase>5748</Phrase>
+ ||
+|-style="color:brown"
+|4||Object marker, Reflexive marker||<Phrase>6349</Phrase>
+<Phrase>6321</Phrase>
+ ||
+|-style="color:brown"
+|5||Extension (Derivation)|| ||
+|-style="color:brown"
+|6||Tense & Aspect ||<Phrase>5997</Phrase>
+ ||
+|-style="color:brown"
+|7||Final Vowel (Mood) || ||
+|-style="color:brown"
+|8||Clitics|| ||
+|}