Difference between revisions of "Bare Nominalizations in Norwegian"
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Lars Hellan (Talk | contribs) |
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By a '''bare nominalization''' (BN) we mean a noun whose form can appear as, or be similar to, the stem of a verb, and which carries no derivational affix, that is, none of the affixes standardly used for the construction of nouns from verbs. In Norwegian, such affixes include ''-ing, -else, -sjon'' as the most regular. For each of them, the relation to the meaning induced can vary from verb to verb, but the gender of the noun induced is always the same: ''-else'' and ''-sjon'' always induce masculine gender, ''-ing'' always induces masculine or feminine, according to parameters of norm and style. BNs, in contrast, have a gender defined specifically for each noun, dependent neither on the associated verb nor on aspects of the form of the noun. | By a '''bare nominalization''' (BN) we mean a noun whose form can appear as, or be similar to, the stem of a verb, and which carries no derivational affix, that is, none of the affixes standardly used for the construction of nouns from verbs. In Norwegian, such affixes include ''-ing, -else, -sjon'' as the most regular. For each of them, the relation to the meaning induced can vary from verb to verb, but the gender of the noun induced is always the same: ''-else'' and ''-sjon'' always induce masculine gender, ''-ing'' always induces masculine or feminine, according to parameters of norm and style. BNs, in contrast, have a gender defined specifically for each noun, dependent neither on the associated verb nor on aspects of the form of the noun. | ||
+ | Examples | ||
− | + | abort | |
aksept | aksept | ||
al | al | ||
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avtale | avtale | ||
avvik | avvik | ||
+ | |||
+ | babel | ||
+ | bad | ||
+ | baksnakk | ||
+ | bank | ||
+ | bann | ||
+ | bønn | ||
+ | begjær | ||
+ | begrep | ||
+ | behag | ||
+ | behov | ||
+ | bekomst | ||
+ | belegg | ||
+ | bero | ||
+ | beslag | ||
+ | besvær | ||
+ | besøk | ||
+ | bidrag | ||
+ | bifall | ||
+ | bistand | ||
+ | bitt | ||
+ | blunk | ||
+ | bluss | ||
+ | bortfall | ||
+ | bortfeste | ||
+ | brak | ||
+ | brask | ||
+ | bram | ||
+ | brann | ||
+ | bruk | ||
+ | brum | ||
+ | brus | ||
+ | bry | ||
+ | bryderi | ||
+ | brygg | ||
+ | brudd | ||
+ | bråk | ||
+ | brøl | ||
+ | bu | ||
+ | bukk | ||
+ | bud | ||
+ | bygg | ||
+ | byks | ||
+ | bytte | ||
+ | bør | ||
+ | bot | ||
+ | bøy | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | dank | ||
+ | dask | ||
+ | dekke | ||
+ | del | ||
+ | dikt | ||
+ | dop | ||
+ | drag | ||
+ | drass | ||
+ | drap | ||
+ | drift | ||
+ | drikk | ||
+ | drill | ||
+ | drit | ||
+ | drift | ||
+ | dropp | ||
+ | drypp | ||
+ | drøm | ||
+ | drønn | ||
+ | duft | ||
+ | dyd | ||
+ | dukk | ||
+ | dunder | ||
+ | dunk | ||
+ | dunst | ||
+ | dusj | ||
+ | dykk | ||
+ | dytt | ||
+ | død | ||
+ | dom | ||
+ | dåp | ||
+ | døs | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ebbe | ||
+ | ekserpt | ||
+ | eksistens | ||
+ | eksperiment | ||
+ | eksport | ||
+ | angst | ||
+ | etterfyll | ||
+ | ettersyn | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | fabel | ||
+ | fabulat | ||
+ | fagnad | ||
+ | fall | ||
+ | fangst | ||
+ | faste | ||
+ | ferdsel | ||
+ | fik | ||
+ | fiske | ||
+ | fjas | ||
+ | fusk | ||
+ | flass | ||
+ | fleip | ||
+ | flenge | ||
+ | flikk | ||
+ | flimmer | ||
+ | flir | ||
+ | floke | ||
+ | flokk | ||
+ | flom | ||
+ | flukt | ||
+ | fly | ||
+ | flyt | ||
+ | flytt | ||
+ | flås | ||
+ | flo | ||
+ | fnys | ||
+ | fold | ||
+ | forakt | ||
+ | forbehold | ||
+ | forbruk | ||
+ | forbud | ||
+ | fór | ||
+ | foredrag | ||
+ | forfall | ||
+ | forekomst | ||
+ | forelegg | ||
+ | foresett | ||
+ | forslag | ||
+ | foretak | ||
+ | forfall | ||
+ | forhold | ||
+ | forhør | ||
+ | forlik | ||
+ | forlis | ||
+ | forløp | ||
+ | forspill | ||
+ | forsvar | ||
+ | forsyn | ||
+ | forsøk | ||
+ | foss | ||
+ | fossregn | ||
+ | frafall | ||
+ | frakt | ||
+ | fremkast | ||
+ | fremkomst | ||
+ | fravik | ||
+ | fred | ||
+ | frelse | ||
+ | fremme | ||
+ | fritak | ||
+ | fryd | ||
+ | frykt |
Revision as of 21:13, 2 August 2016
By a bare nominalization (BN) we mean a noun whose form can appear as, or be similar to, the stem of a verb, and which carries no derivational affix, that is, none of the affixes standardly used for the construction of nouns from verbs. In Norwegian, such affixes include -ing, -else, -sjon as the most regular. For each of them, the relation to the meaning induced can vary from verb to verb, but the gender of the noun induced is always the same: -else and -sjon always induce masculine gender, -ing always induces masculine or feminine, according to parameters of norm and style. BNs, in contrast, have a gender defined specifically for each noun, dependent neither on the associated verb nor on aspects of the form of the noun.
Examples
abort aksept al anfall ange anger angrep anke anklage anlegg anløp anrop anslag appell applaus arbeid arrest arv attest avdrag avkok avl avslag avreise avskjed avsky avtale avvik
babel bad baksnakk bank bann bønn begjær begrep behag behov bekomst belegg bero beslag besvær besøk bidrag bifall bistand bitt blunk bluss bortfall bortfeste brak brask bram brann bruk brum brus bry bryderi brygg brudd bråk brøl bu bukk bud bygg byks bytte bør bot bøy
dank
dask
dekke
del
dikt
dop
drag
drass
drap
drift
drikk
drill
drit
drift
dropp
drypp
drøm
drønn
duft
dyd
dukk
dunder
dunk
dunst
dusj
dykk
dytt
død
dom
dåp
døs
ebbe
ekserpt
eksistens
eksperiment
eksport
angst
etterfyll
ettersyn
fabel
fabulat
fagnad
fall
fangst
faste
ferdsel
fik
fiske
fjas
fusk
flass
fleip
flenge
flikk
flimmer
flir
floke
flokk
flom
flukt
fly
flyt
flytt
flås
flo
fnys
fold
forakt
forbehold
forbruk
forbud
fór
foredrag
forfall
forekomst
forelegg
foresett
forslag
foretak
forfall
forhold
forhør
forlik
forlis
forløp
forspill
forsvar
forsyn
forsøk
foss
fossregn
frafall
frakt
fremkast
fremkomst
fravik
fred
frelse
fremme
fritak
fryd
frykt