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Difference between revisions of "Complex Passive Constructions in Norwegian"

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===General Information===
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{{IGT}}
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This article belongs to the TC Category  '''[[:Category:Interlinear Glossed Text from Linguistic Research| Interlinear Glossed Text from Linguistic Research]]'''.
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−
 
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In this category we collect a series of TCwiki articles which feature example sentences from linguistic publications. In the form of '''Interlinear Glossed Text''' (IGT) these examples are the most common type of scientific data used by linguists of all affiliations.
+
−
 
+
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When occurring in a publication, an IGT is demarcated through indenting, numbering and a space above and under the example. One line of text is followed by one line of glosses. A line with free translation completes the pattern. Yet, IGTs come in many different formats and are often flawed. Glosses essential for the understanding of the examples might be missing, or the free translations given might be misleading. IGTs occur in isolation and normally lack any index to where and when they occurred or any other information that would identify them as a particular instance of a language. Yet, in spite of many short-comings, IGTs constitute data not just for linguists, but also more generally across Humanities, and as flawed as they might be, they still are an intuitive and easy way to represent the linguistic properties of real language.
+
−
 
+
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Collections of IGTs from linguistic publication are of particular interest, since they represent a unique alignment of language data and linguistic theory. Example sentences from seminal article are not rarely circulated in linguistic publications for decades.
+
−
 
+
−
In an effort to make IGT more accessible to linguistic research, wee have extracting original IGT from linguistic publications and provided in-depth linguistic glosses through a subsequent layer of annotation with the hope to improve the re-usability of the data. Using the TCwiki we make both, the original IGT and the newly annotated IGT available here.
+
−
 
+
−
In this article and other articles in this category, original and annotated IGTs stand in the context of a short annotated bibliography. Bibliographic information is combined with a list of key-terms which can help to gain a perspective on the research questions raised in the original article. The 'Infobox' may contain further information about the linguistic framework used in the original article and might give a further classification of the phenomena treated whenever possible.
+
  
 
===Keyterms===
 
===Keyterms===
  
−
something, something, something
+
passive, raising, recursive VP-complements, passive participle, perfective participle
  
 
===Original Interlinear Glossed Text===
 
===Original Interlinear Glossed Text===
Line 34: Line 23:
 
|width="50%"|
 
|width="50%"|
 
|width="50%"|
 
|width="50%"|
−
|-valign="top"
+
|-
 
|(1)
 
|(1)
−
a. Jon ble forsøkt skutt<br>
+
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20864/ Jon ble forsøkt skutt]<br>
 
Jon was attempted shot<br>
 
Jon was attempted shot<br>
 
'it was made an attempt to shoot Jon'
 
'it was made an attempt to shoot Jon'
  
−
b. Jon ble lovet forsøkt skutt<br>
+
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20868/ Jon ble lovet forsøkt skutt]<br>
 
Jon was promised attempted shot<br>
 
Jon was promised attempted shot<br>
 
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to shoot Jon'
 
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to shoot Jon'
  
−
c. Jon ble påstått lovet forsøkt skutt<br>
+
c. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20872/ Jon ble påstått lovet forsøkt skutt]<br>
 
Jon was claimed promised attempted shot<br>
 
Jon was claimed promised attempted shot<br>
 
'it was claimed that it would be/was promised that there would be an attempt to shoot Jon'
 
'it was claimed that it would be/was promised that there would be an attempt to shoot Jon'
 
|(4)
 
|(4)
−
a. Jon fryktes omkommet<br>
+
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20876/ Jon fryktes omkommet]<br>
 
Jon is-feared perished<br>
 
Jon is-feared perished<br>
 
'it is feared that Jon has perished'
 
'it is feared that Jon has perished'
  
−
b. Jon påstås fryktet omkommet<br>
+
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20880/ Jon påstås fryktet omkommet]<br>
 
Jon is-claimed feared perished<br>
 
Jon is-claimed feared perished<br>
 
'it is claimed that it is feared that Jon has perished'
 
'it is claimed that it is feared that Jon has perished'
 
|-
 
|-
 
|(6)
 
|(6)
−
a. Det ble forsøkt skutt tre løver<br>
+
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20884/ Det ble forsøkt skutt tre løver]<br>
 
it was attempted shot three lions<br>
 
it was attempted shot three lions<br>
 
'it was made an attempt to shoot three lions'
 
'it was made an attempt to shoot three lions'
  
−
b. Det ble lovet forsøkt skutt tre løver<br>
+
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20888/ Det ble lovet forsøkt skutt tre løver]<br>
 
it was promised attempted shot three lions<br>
 
it was promised attempted shot three lions<br>
 
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to shoot three lions'
 
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to shoot three lions'
 
|(7)
 
|(7)
−
a. Jon overlot Marit et stort ansvar<br>
+
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20892/ Jon overlot Marit et stort ansvar]<br>
 
Jon ’gave’ Marit a big responsibility
 
Jon ’gave’ Marit a big responsibility
  
−
b. Det ble overlatt Marit et stort ansvar<br>
+
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20895/ Det ble overlatt Marit et stort ansvar]<br>
 
there was given Marit a big responsibility
 
there was given Marit a big responsibility
  
−
c. Marit ble overlatt et stort ansvar<br>
+
c. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20898/ Marit ble overlatt et stort ansvar]<br>
 
Mary was given a big responsibility
 
Mary was given a big responsibility
  
−
d. Et stort ansvar ble overlatt Marit<br>
+
d. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20901/ Et stort ansvar ble overlatt Marit]<br>
 
a big responsibility was given Marit
 
a big responsibility was given Marit
 
|-
 
|-
 
|(8)
 
|(8)
−
a. Jon snakket om Marit<br>
+
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20904/ Jon snakket om Marit]<br>
 
Jon talked about Marit
 
Jon talked about Marit
  
−
b. Marit ble snakket om<br>
+
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20907/ Marit ble snakket om]<br>
 
Marit was talked about
 
Marit was talked about
 
|(9)
 
|(9)
−
a. Vi skiftet bleier på barna<br>
+
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20910/ Vi skiftet bleier på barna]<br>
 
we changed napkins on the children
 
we changed napkins on the children
  
−
b. Barna ble skiftet bleier på<br>
+
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20913/ Barna ble skiftet bleier på]<br>
 
the children were changed napkins on
 
the children were changed napkins on
 +
|-
 +
|(10)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20916/ Det ble lovet forsøkt overlatt Marit et stort ansvar]<br>
 +
it was promised attempted given Marit a big responsibility<br>
 +
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to give Marit a big responsibility '
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20920/ Marit ble lovet forsøkt overlatt et stort ansvar]<br>
 +
Marit was promised attempted given a big responsibility<br>
 +
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to give Marit a big responsibility '
 +
 +
c. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20924/ Et stort ansvar ble lovet forsøkt overlatt Marit]<br>
 +
a big responsibility was promised attempted given Marit<br>
 +
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to give Marit a big responsibility '
 +
 +
d. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20928/ Marit ble lovet forsøkt snakket om]<br>
 +
Marit was promised attempted talked about<br>
 +
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to talk about Marit'
 +
 +
e. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20932/ Barna ble lovet forsøkt skiftet bleier på]<br>
 +
the children were promised attempted changed napkins on<br>
 +
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to change napkins on the children’
 +
|(11)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20936 Jon antas]/ [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20938/ fryktes]/ [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20940/ loves]/ [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20942/ påstås drept]<br>
 +
Jon is-assumed/ is-feared/ is-promised/ is-asserted killed
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20945/ Vi *antok]/ [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20947/ ??fryktet]/ [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20949/ ?*lovet]/ [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20951/ *påstod Jon drept]<br>
 +
we assumed/ feared/ promised/ asserted Jon killed
 +
|-
 +
|(12)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20954/ Vi advarte mot å forfremme Jon]<br>
 +
we warned against to promote Jon<br>
 +
'we warned against promoting Jon'
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20958/ *Jon ble advart mot forfremmet]<br>
 +
Jon was warned against promoted
 +
|(13)
 +
 +
[http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20960/ *Det ble lovet Marit forsøkt overlatt et stort ansvar]
 +
 +
[http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20961/ *Det ble lovet forsøkt Marit overlatt et stort ansvar]
 +
|-
 +
|(14)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20963/ De forespeilte oss at Jon ville bli forfremmet]<br>
 +
they 'make-expect'ed us that Jon would be promoted<br>
 +
'they gave us reason to believe that Jon would be promoted'
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20967/ Jon ble forespeilt oss forfremmet]
 +
 +
c. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20969/ De lovet oss at Jon ville bli forfremmet]<br>
 +
they promised us that Jon would be promoted
 +
 +
d. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20972/ Jon ble lovet oss forfremmet]<br>
 +
Jon was promised us promoted
 +
|(15)
 +
[http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20974/ Jon ble lovet forfremmet]<br>
 +
Jon was promised promoted<br>
 +
'it was promised that Jon would be promoted'
 +
|-
 +
|(16)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20978/ *Jon fryktes lest boken]<br>
 +
Jon is-feared read(act) the book<br>
 +
'it is feared that Jon has read the book'
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20982/ *Jon fryktes mottatt gaven]<br>
 +
Jon is-feared received the gift<br>
 +
'it is feared that Jon has received the gift'
 +
|(17)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20986/ *Jon ble fryktet løpt]<br>
 +
Jon was feared run<br>
 +
‘it was feared that Jon had run’
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20990/ Jon ble fryktet løpt bort]<br>
 +
Jon was feared run away<br>
 +
‘it was feared that Jon had run away’
 +
 +
c. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20994/ *en løpt hare]<br>
 +
a run hare<br>
 +
‘a hare that has run’
 +
 +
d. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/20998/ en bortløpt hare]<br>
 +
an away-run hare
 +
‘a hare that has run away’
 +
|-
 +
|(18)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21002/ Jon fryktes å ha lest boken]<br>
 +
Jon is-feared to have read the book<br>
 +
'it is feared that Jon has read the book'
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21006/ Jon fryktes å ha mottatt gaven]<br>
 +
Jon is-feared to have received the gift<br>
 +
'it is feared that Jon has received the gift'
 +
 +
c. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21010/ Jon fryktes å ha løpt]<br>
 +
Jon is-feared to have run<br>
 +
‘it is feared that Jon has run’
 +
|(19)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21014/ *Jon ble forsøkt å bli skutt]<br>
 +
Jon was tried to be shot
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21017/ <nowiki>[*]</nowiki>Jon ble lovet å bli skutt]<br>
 +
Jon was promised to be shot<br>
 +
1. ‘(someone) promised Jon that he (Jon) would be shot’<br>
 +
2. * ‘it was promised that Jon would be shot’
 +
|-
 +
|(20)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21024/ Jon lovet meg å ytre seg]<br>
 +
Jon promised me to ‘utter’ himself
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21029/ *Jeg ble lovet å ytre seg]<br>
 +
I was promised to ‘utter’ himself<br>
 +
[http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21027/ *Jeg ble lovet av Jon å ytre seg]<br>
 +
I was promised by Jon to ‘utter’ himself
 +
 +
c. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21032/ *Jon lovet meg å ytre meg]<br>
 +
Jon promised me to ‘utter’ himself
 +
 +
d. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21037/ *Jeg ble lovet å ytre meg]<br>
 +
I was promised to ‘utter’ myself<br>
 +
[http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21035/ *Jeg ble lovet av Jon å ytre meg]<br>
 +
I was promised by Jon to ‘utter’ myself
 +
 +
e. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21040/ Jon anmodet meg om å ytre meg]<br>
 +
Jon asked me to ‘utter’ myself
 +
 +
f. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21045/ Jeg ble anmodet om å ytre meg]<br>
 +
I was asked to ‘utter’ myself<br>
 +
[http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21043/ Jeg ble anmodet av Jon om å ytre meg]<br>
 +
I was asked by Jon to ‘utter’ myself
 +
|(23)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21063/ Jon har lest boken]<br>
 +
Jon has read the book
 +
 +
b. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21066/ Jon fryktes å ha lest boken]<br>
 +
Jon is feared to have read the book
 +
|-
 +
|(30)
 +
a. [http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21069/ Jon påstås å være fryktet omkommet]<br>
 +
Jon is-claimed to be feared perished<br>
 +
'it is claimed that it is feared that Jon has perished'
 +
 +
b. [[http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/1434/21073/ Jon påstås fryktet å være omkommet]<br>
 +
Jon is-claimed feared to be perished<br>
 +
'it is claimed that it is feared that Jon has perished'
 +
|
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
−
[[Category:Interlinear Glossed Text from Linguistic Research|H]]
+
[[Category:Interlinear Glossed Text from Linguistic Research|P]]

Latest revision as of 11:36, 22 July 2011

Complex Passive Constructions in Norwegian  
Author(s) Lars Hellan
Annotator Lars Isak Askheim
Corpus Link Complex Passive Constructions in Norwegian

General Information

This article belongs to the TC Category Interlinear Glossed Text from Linguistic Research.

In this category we collect TCwiki pages that feature Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT) from linguistic publications.

IGT are normally demarcated through indenting, numbering and a space above and under the example. One line of text is followed by one line of glosses and a line with free translation completes the pattern. IGTs from linguistic publications are of particular interest, since they represent a unique alignment of language data and linguistic theory. Example sentences from seminal articles are not rarely quoted in linguistic publications for decades which is another good reason why they need our attention.

In an effort to make IGT more accessible to linguistic research, we try to extract original IGT from linguistic publications and in same cases we provide additional linguistic glosses through a subsequent layer of annotation using the TypeCraft Glosser. In this way we hope to contribute to the re-usability of this data.

On each of the our pages that feature IGT from secondary sources, we also provide a short annotated bibliography, sometimes combined with a list of key-terms which can help to gain a perspective on the research questions raised in the original article. The 'Infobox' may contain further information about the linguistic framework used in the original article, as well as additional classifications of the phenomena treated, whenever that is possible.

Keyterms

passive, raising, recursive VP-complements, passive participle, perfective participle

Original Interlinear Glossed Text

(1)

a. Jon ble forsøkt skutt
Jon was attempted shot
'it was made an attempt to shoot Jon'

b. Jon ble lovet forsøkt skutt
Jon was promised attempted shot
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to shoot Jon'

c. Jon ble påstått lovet forsøkt skutt
Jon was claimed promised attempted shot
'it was claimed that it would be/was promised that there would be an attempt to shoot Jon'

(4)

a. Jon fryktes omkommet
Jon is-feared perished
'it is feared that Jon has perished'

b. Jon påstås fryktet omkommet
Jon is-claimed feared perished
'it is claimed that it is feared that Jon has perished'

(6)

a. Det ble forsøkt skutt tre løver
it was attempted shot three lions
'it was made an attempt to shoot three lions'

b. Det ble lovet forsøkt skutt tre løver
it was promised attempted shot three lions
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to shoot three lions'

(7)

a. Jon overlot Marit et stort ansvar
Jon ’gave’ Marit a big responsibility

b. Det ble overlatt Marit et stort ansvar
there was given Marit a big responsibility

c. Marit ble overlatt et stort ansvar
Mary was given a big responsibility

d. Et stort ansvar ble overlatt Marit
a big responsibility was given Marit

(8)

a. Jon snakket om Marit
Jon talked about Marit

b. Marit ble snakket om
Marit was talked about

(9)

a. Vi skiftet bleier på barna
we changed napkins on the children

b. Barna ble skiftet bleier på
the children were changed napkins on

(10)

a. Det ble lovet forsøkt overlatt Marit et stort ansvar
it was promised attempted given Marit a big responsibility
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to give Marit a big responsibility '

b. Marit ble lovet forsøkt overlatt et stort ansvar
Marit was promised attempted given a big responsibility
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to give Marit a big responsibility '

c. Et stort ansvar ble lovet forsøkt overlatt Marit
a big responsibility was promised attempted given Marit
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to give Marit a big responsibility '

d. Marit ble lovet forsøkt snakket om
Marit was promised attempted talked about
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to talk about Marit'

e. Barna ble lovet forsøkt skiftet bleier på
the children were promised attempted changed napkins on
'it was promised that there would be an attempt to change napkins on the children’

(11)

a. Jon antas/ fryktes/ loves/ påstås drept
Jon is-assumed/ is-feared/ is-promised/ is-asserted killed

b. Vi *antok/ ??fryktet/ ?*lovet/ *påstod Jon drept
we assumed/ feared/ promised/ asserted Jon killed

(12)

a. Vi advarte mot å forfremme Jon
we warned against to promote Jon
'we warned against promoting Jon'

b. *Jon ble advart mot forfremmet
Jon was warned against promoted

(13)

*Det ble lovet Marit forsøkt overlatt et stort ansvar

*Det ble lovet forsøkt Marit overlatt et stort ansvar

(14)

a. De forespeilte oss at Jon ville bli forfremmet
they 'make-expect'ed us that Jon would be promoted
'they gave us reason to believe that Jon would be promoted'

b. Jon ble forespeilt oss forfremmet

c. De lovet oss at Jon ville bli forfremmet
they promised us that Jon would be promoted

d. Jon ble lovet oss forfremmet
Jon was promised us promoted

(15)

Jon ble lovet forfremmet
Jon was promised promoted
'it was promised that Jon would be promoted'

(16)

a. *Jon fryktes lest boken
Jon is-feared read(act) the book
'it is feared that Jon has read the book'

b. *Jon fryktes mottatt gaven
Jon is-feared received the gift
'it is feared that Jon has received the gift'

(17)

a. *Jon ble fryktet løpt
Jon was feared run
‘it was feared that Jon had run’

b. Jon ble fryktet løpt bort
Jon was feared run away
‘it was feared that Jon had run away’

c. *en løpt hare
a run hare
‘a hare that has run’

d. en bortløpt hare
an away-run hare ‘a hare that has run away’

(18)

a. Jon fryktes å ha lest boken
Jon is-feared to have read the book
'it is feared that Jon has read the book'

b. Jon fryktes å ha mottatt gaven
Jon is-feared to have received the gift
'it is feared that Jon has received the gift'

c. Jon fryktes å ha løpt
Jon is-feared to have run
‘it is feared that Jon has run’

(19)

a. *Jon ble forsøkt å bli skutt
Jon was tried to be shot

b. [*]Jon ble lovet å bli skutt
Jon was promised to be shot
1. ‘(someone) promised Jon that he (Jon) would be shot’
2. * ‘it was promised that Jon would be shot’

(20)

a. Jon lovet meg å ytre seg
Jon promised me to ‘utter’ himself

b. *Jeg ble lovet å ytre seg
I was promised to ‘utter’ himself
*Jeg ble lovet av Jon å ytre seg
I was promised by Jon to ‘utter’ himself

c. *Jon lovet meg å ytre meg
Jon promised me to ‘utter’ himself

d. *Jeg ble lovet å ytre meg
I was promised to ‘utter’ myself
*Jeg ble lovet av Jon å ytre meg
I was promised by Jon to ‘utter’ myself

e. Jon anmodet meg om å ytre meg
Jon asked me to ‘utter’ myself

f. Jeg ble anmodet om å ytre meg
I was asked to ‘utter’ myself
Jeg ble anmodet av Jon om å ytre meg
I was asked by Jon to ‘utter’ myself

(23)

a. Jon har lest boken
Jon has read the book

b. Jon fryktes å ha lest boken
Jon is feared to have read the book

(30)

a. Jon påstås å være fryktet omkommet
Jon is-claimed to be feared perished
'it is claimed that it is feared that Jon has perished'

b. [Jon påstås fryktet å være omkommet
Jon is-claimed feared to be perished
'it is claimed that it is feared that Jon has perished'

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