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Difference between revisions of "Krio pronomina"

 
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====The distribution of nouns and pronouns====
 
====The distribution of nouns and pronouns====
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in the TypeCraft Krio corpus.
  
  
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<!-- Schnief ... Ich möchte für die erste  Tabelle meine  Tabellenfarbe zurück :( -->
  
  
  
  
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====Personal, Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns====
  
−
 
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{| align="center" class=wikitable style="border:#73BF73; background: #F5FFF5;"
−
====Pronouns, Possessive pronouns and Reflexive pronouns====
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!width="50" style="background-color:#a9dcd9" | '''Person/Number'''
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!width="200" style="background-color:#a9dcd9"  | '''Pronoun'''
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!width="200" style="background-color:#a9dcd9"  |'''possessive Pronoun'''
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{| class="wikitable" width: 70%;"
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!width="200" style="background-color:#a9dcd9"  |'''reflexive Pronouns'''
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! colspan="4" style="color: black; text-align:center;" cellpadding=''10'' | Pronouns
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−
|-
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−
| || '''PN''' || '''PNposs''' || '''PNrefl'''
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|-
 
|-
−
|1SG || a, mi || mi ||
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|1SG || a, mi || mi || style="font-style: italic; color: green;" | misɛf*
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2SG || yu || yu || yusɛf
 
|2SG || yu || yu || yusɛf
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3SG || i, am || im, in || insɛf
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|3SG || i, am* || in || insɛf
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1PL || wi || wi ||
 
|1PL || wi || wi ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2PL || unu, una || unu, una ||
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|2PL || una || una ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3pl || dem || dem, dɛn ||
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|3pl || dem || dɛn ||
 
|}
 
|}
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*'''''am''''' is used when the 3SG takes the position of the object in a sentence. As a subject it will be referred to as '''''I''''' for masculine, feminine and neutral.
  
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The 1SG form <span style="color: Green">  '''misɛf''' </span> is not attested in our corpus. But
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the following dialog taken from the Wikipedia  articel ''Krio Language'' <ref> Krio Language Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_language - accessed 10.09.2016) </ref>
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shows the form in use:
  
−
{| class="wikitable" width: 70%;"
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:''Kushe.'' - "Hello."
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! colspan="5" style="color: black; text-align:center;" cellpadding=''10'' | Demonstrative and relative pronouns
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:''Kushe-o.'' - "Hello."
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:''Wetin na yu nem?'' - "What is your name?"
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:''Mi nem Jemz.'' - "My name is James."
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:''Usai yu kɔmɔt?'' - "Where do you come from?"
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:''A kɔmɔt Estinz.'' - "I come from Hastings."
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:''Us wok yu de du?'' - "What work do you do?"
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:''Mi na ticha.'' - "I am a teacher."
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:''Na us skul yu de tich?'' - "At what school do you teach?"
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:''I de tich na Prins ɔv Welz.'' - "I teach at Prince of Wales."
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:''Mi gladi fɔ mit yu.'' - "I am happy to meet you."
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:'''''Misɛf''' gladi fɔ mit yu.'' - "I myself am happy to meet you."
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:''OK, a de go naw.'' - "OK, I am going now."
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:''Ɔrayt, wi go tok bak.'' - "Alright, we will talk again."
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In some cases, as the 2PL,  we show two forms  which seem to be orthographic variants.
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 +
 
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====Demonstrative Pronouns====
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{| align="center" class=wikitable style="border:#73BF73; background: #F5FFF5;"
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!width="50" style="background-color:#a9dcd9" |'''Number'''
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!width="250" style="background-color:#a9dcd9" | '''NEAR SPEAKER'''
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!width="250" style="background-color:#a9dcd9" |''' REMOTE'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan=''2'' | Pndem|| || || colspan=''2'' | PNrel ||
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| '''SINGULAR''' || dis || dat
 
|-
 
|-
−
|the || ''di'' || || who, whom, which || ''we''
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| '''PLURAL'''|| dɛn || di
 
|-
 
|-
−
|that || ''dat'' || || what || ''wetin''
 
−
|-
 
−
|this || ''dis'' || || ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|those, they || ''dɛn'' || || ||
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
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{| class="wikitable" ;  style="background-color:#ffffcc" cellpadding="50"
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−
|+ '''Possessive pronouns'''
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−
! scope="col" ; style="background-color:#ccccff"| Person/Number
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==== Relative Pronouns ====
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! scope="col"; style="background-color:#ccccff"| Form
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<!-- Here we need examples for the use of the relative pronoun -->
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{| align="center" class=wikitable style="border:#73BF73; background: #F5FFF5;"
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!width="50" style="background-color:#a9dcd9" | '''RELATION'''
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!width="250" style="background-color:#a9dcd9" | '''KRIO'''
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!width="250" style="background-color:#a9dcd9" |'''ENGLISH'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1SG
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| '''Person''' || we||  who, whom, which
−
| mi
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|-
 
|-
−
|2SG.
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| '''Object, event'''|| wetin* || what
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|yu
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−
|-
+
−
|3SG
+
−
|in(im)
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−
|-
+
−
|1PL
+
−
| ?
+
−
|-
+
−
|2PL
+
−
|una
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−
|-
+
−
|3PL
+
−
|dɛn
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|}
 
|}
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 +
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*''wetin'' appears in equal parts as a relational pronoun and as an indefinite pronoun. As a relational pronoun it refers back to an event that occurred or to an object earlier in the sentence.

Latest revision as of 17:53, 12 September 2016

In the following we present the Krio pronomina system as reflected by our Krio corpus. You can access the corpus from the TypeCraft Portal of Language In the list of Krio texts you find texts owned by Beatrice Owusua Nyampong and by the TypeCraft project. The latter corpus is a further development of the Nyampong corpus. You can access the individual corpora by following the link to the Nyampong or TypeCraft user page.


The distribution of nouns and pronouns

in the TypeCraft Krio corpus.


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Personal, Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns

Person/Number Pronoun possessive Pronoun reflexive Pronouns
1SG a, mi mi misɛf*
2SG yu yu yusɛf
3SG i, am* in insɛf
1PL wi wi
2PL una una
3pl dem dɛn
  • am is used when the 3SG takes the position of the object in a sentence. As a subject it will be referred to as I for masculine, feminine and neutral.

The 1SG form misɛf is not attested in our corpus. But the following dialog taken from the Wikipedia articel Krio Language [1] shows the form in use:

Kushe. - "Hello."
Kushe-o. - "Hello."
Wetin na yu nem? - "What is your name?"
Mi nem Jemz. - "My name is James."
Usai yu kɔmɔt? - "Where do you come from?"
A kɔmɔt Estinz. - "I come from Hastings."
Us wok yu de du? - "What work do you do?"
Mi na ticha. - "I am a teacher."
Na us skul yu de tich? - "At what school do you teach?"
I de tich na Prins ɔv Welz. - "I teach at Prince of Wales."
Mi gladi fɔ mit yu. - "I am happy to meet you."
Misɛf gladi fɔ mit yu. - "I myself am happy to meet you."
OK, a de go naw. - "OK, I am going now."
Ɔrayt, wi go tok bak. - "Alright, we will talk again."

In some cases, as the 2PL, we show two forms which seem to be orthographic variants.




Demonstrative Pronouns

Number NEAR SPEAKER REMOTE
SINGULAR dis dat
PLURAL dɛn di




Relative Pronouns

RELATION KRIO ENGLISH
Person we who, whom, which
Object, event wetin* what


  • wetin appears in equal parts as a relational pronoun and as an indefinite pronoun. As a relational pronoun it refers back to an event that occurred or to an object earlier in the sentence.
  • ↑ Krio Language Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krio_language - accessed 10.09.2016)
    • Retrieved from "https://tc.polytext.io/w/index.php?title=Krio_pronomina&oldid=16616"