Difference between revisions of "Personal pronouns in Norwegian"
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| − | '''Personal pronouns''' in Norwegian are distinguished partly by person, partly by number, partly by inherent gender, and partly by '''''case''''' | + | '''Personal pronouns''' in Norwegian are distinguished partly by person, partly by number, partly by inherent gender, and partly by '''''case''''' in instances where a distinction like what is often called ''nominative vs. accusative'' plays a role in Norwegian. The following example illustrates: |
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| + | <Phrase>422024</Phrase> | ||
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| + | The following is a full list of the forms serving as personal pronouns: | ||
'''''jeg''''' 1p sg nominative | '''''jeg''''' 1p sg nominative | ||
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The forms '''''den''''', '''''det''''' and '''''de''''' are homophonous to the '''''definite articles'''''. | The forms '''''den''''', '''''det''''' and '''''de''''' are homophonous to the '''''definite articles'''''. | ||
| + | Reflexive use of a personal pronoun is restricted to accusative forms, obligatory for one form, namely '''''seg''''' in 3rd person, optional for the accusative forms in 1st and 2nd person, and impossible for the other forms in 3rd person (see further in [[Reflexives - Norwegian]]). | ||
The forms '''''den''''', '''''det''''', '''''de''''' and '''''dem''''' also have uses where they may be called '''''demonstratives''''', here in a group with '''''denne''''', '''''dette''''' and '''''disse''''' distinguished along a dimension of proximity (in space, discourse or attention): | The forms '''''den''''', '''''det''''', '''''de''''' and '''''dem''''' also have uses where they may be called '''''demonstratives''''', here in a group with '''''denne''''', '''''dette''''' and '''''disse''''' distinguished along a dimension of proximity (in space, discourse or attention): | ||
Revision as of 22:12, 26 December 2015
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Personal pronouns in Norwegian are distinguished partly by person, partly by number, partly by inherent gender, and partly by case in instances where a distinction like what is often called nominative vs. accusative plays a role in Norwegian. The following example illustrates:
| Jeg |
| jeg |
| 1sgSBJNOM |
| PN |
| har | |
| ha | r |
| have | PRES |
| AUX | |
| truffet | |
| truff | et |
| meet | PARTPRF |
| V | |
| deg |
| deg |
| 2sgOBJACC |
| PN |
The following is a full list of the forms serving as personal pronouns:
jeg 1p sg nominative meg 1p sg accusative reflexive_or_non-reflexive du 2p sg nominative deg 2p sg accusative reflexive_or_non-reflexive han 3p sg masc nominative ham 3p sg masc accusative non-reflexive hun 3p sg fem nominative henne 3p sg fem accusative non-reflexive den 3p sg masc/fem det 3p sg neut seg 3p accusative reflexive_only vi 1p pl nominative oss 1p pl accusative reflexive_or_non-reflexive dere 2p pl reflexive_or_non-reflexive de 3p pl nominative dem 3p pl accusative non-reflexive
See Possessive constructions in Norwegian on how these forms compare to their possessive counterparts.
The forms den, det and de are homophonous to the definite articles.
Reflexive use of a personal pronoun is restricted to accusative forms, obligatory for one form, namely seg in 3rd person, optional for the accusative forms in 1st and 2nd person, and impossible for the other forms in 3rd person (see further in Reflexives - Norwegian).
The forms den, det, de and dem also have uses where they may be called demonstratives, here in a group with denne, dette and disse distinguished along a dimension of proximity (in space, discourse or attention):
den 3p sg masc/fem non-proximate det 3p sg neut non-proximate denne 3p sg masc/fem proximate dette 3p sg neut proximate de 3p pl nominative non-proximate dem 3p pl accusative non-proximate disse 3p pl proximate