Difference between revisions of "Kistaninya Verbconstructions"

Revision as of 09:43, 30 March 2011

This page is motivated by the intention to enumerate examples which represent typical verbal constructions of Kistaniniya. Hence, a number of representative examples are taken from construction headed by simple intransitive, transitive and ditransitive verbs, derivational verbs (causatives, passive), impersonals, copula, and converbs .

1. Constructions headed by intransitive verbs.

Intransitive verbs are characterized by not selecting an NP complement. On the basis of their semantic expression and their syntactic properties.

bəšš-o

“He cried”

bəššo
bəšš	o
cry	3PMASCSGSM
V

zəl:əl-o

“He jumped”

zəl:əlo
zəl:əl	o
jump	3PMASCSGSM
V

mət’:-at:i

“She came”

mət’:at:i
mət’:	at:i
come	3PFEMSGSM
V

bay:-i wəd:ək’-o

“The baby fell down”

bay:i
bay:	i
baby	DEF
N

wəd:ək’o
wəd:ək’	o
fell	3PMASCSGSM
V

kassa ab:əd-o

“Kassa got crazy”

kassa

Kassa

N

ab:ədo
ab:əd	o
get.crazy	3PMASCSGSM
V

kassa tədəs:ət-o

“Kassa got happy”

kassa

Kassa

N

tədəs:əto
tədəs:ət	o
get.happy	3PMASCSGSM
V

In the language, core-arguments and obliques are marked by different morpho-syntactic means. Unlike core-arguments which are optionally marked by bare object personal pronoun suffix on the verb, oblique arguments are referred to by applicative plus object personal pronoun suffix. Oblique arguments are adpositional phrases in Kistaniniya with a property of assigning thematic roles such as locative, instrumental, source, goal, beneficiary and maleficiary.

In addition to the subject, Kistaniniya allows only one further core or oblique argument to be marked on the verb. When an oblique is overtly realized in a construction, it is always the oblique that is marked on the verb. In idiomatic expressions headed by an intransitive verb, the oblique argument is referred by the applicative formative.

bəšš-ətt-b-o-t

“She blamed him”

bəššəttbot
bəšš	ətt	b	o	t
cry	3PFEMSGSM	APPL	3PMASCSGOM	MAVM
V

Intransitive verbs expressing motion take adpositional oblique object to mark their goal or source of movement. Consider the following examples headed by intransitive motion verbs.

zən:u tə-sod:o-y:ən al:əf-ət:-i

“Zennu went to Soddo”

zən:u

Zennu

N

təsod:oy:ən
tə	sod:o	y:ən
to	soddo	DIR
CIRCP

al:əfət:i
al:əf	ət:	i
go	3PFEMSGSM	MAVM
V

zən:u bə-dngət tə-sod:o-y:ən al:əf-ət:-i

“Zennu went to Soddo by accident”

zən:u

Zennu

N

bədngət
bə	dngət
by	accident
ADVm

təsod:oy:ən
tə	sod:o	y:ən
to	soddo	DIR
CIRCP

al:əfət:i
al:əf	ət:	i
go	3PFEMSGSM	MAVM
V

2. Constructions headed by transitive verbs

Syntactically, transitive verbs are characterized by having a direct object complement. The complement they select can be phrasal or clausal.

bəd:ər-ətt-ew

“She advanced me”

bəd:ərəttew
bəd:ər	ətt	e-w
advance	3PFEMSGSM	1PSGOMMAVM
V

zen:u kwas wɨrəw:ər-ett-i

In Kistaniniya, there is a type of verbs which have both transitive and intransitive valency specifications. Consider the following examples.

t’ɨbuyə at’ob-ku-n:a-t

“‘I breast feed her’ ”

t’ɨbuyə

breast

N

at’obkun:at
at’ob	ku	n:a	t
feed	1SGSM	3SGFEMOM	MAVM
V

at’ob-ku-n:a-t

“‘I breast feed her’ ”

at’obkun:at
at’ob	ku	n:a	t
feed	1SGSM	3SGFEMOM	MAVM
V

Notice that in the above examples, the verbal head optionally selects its cognate noun as its complement.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 This page is motivated by the intention to enumerate examples which represent typical verbal constructions of Kistaniniya. Hence, a number of representative examples are taken from construction headed by simple intransitive, transitive and ditransitive verbs, derivational verbs (causatives, passive), impersonals, copula, and converbs .
-Constructions headed by intransitive verbs.
+. Constructions headed by intransitive verbs.
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
-Intransitive verbs expressing motion take adpositional oblique object to mark their goal or source of movement. Consider the following templates headed by intransitive motion verbs.
+Intransitive verbs expressing motion take adpositional oblique object to mark their goal or source of movement. Consider the following examples headed by intransitive motion verbs.
 <Phrase>15220</Phrase>
 <Phrase>15221</Phrase>
+. Constructions headed by transitive verbs
+Syntactically, transitive verbs are characterized by having a direct object complement. The complement they select can be phrasal or clausal.
+<Phrase>15250</Phrase>
+<Phrase>15251</Phrase>
+In Kistaniniya, there is a type of verbs which have both transitive and intransitive valency specifications. Consider the following examples.
+<Phrase>16219</Phrase>
+<Phrase>16220</Phrase>
+Notice that in the above examples, the verbal head optionally selects its cognate noun as its complement.