Difference between revisions of "Typological Features Template for kulango"

Revision as of 15:59, 19 November 2009

By Kra Enoc

Feature	Description
Phonological Features	kulango have seven (7) vowels phonemes and nineteen (19) consonants phonemes
Vowel inventory	The vowels of kulango are ɩ e ɛ a ɔ o ɷ u
Vowel harmony	In kulango, vowels harmony rule based on +/- ATR: +ATR: e a ɔ o u ; -ATR: ɩ ɛ a ɔ ɷ
Consonant inventory	The consonants of kulango are p b t d c ɟ kp gb k g h s z f v j l r w
Tone	kulango language got two phonetics tones (H: High and L: Low) without lexical opposition.
Syllable Structure	The basic syllable structures of kulango is CV
Morpho-syntactic Features	The basic morpho-syntactic parameters of kulango: N+DEF = N+DEF; N+ADJ
morphological classification (1)	koulango may be classify as an isolating language. Lexeme does not change with TAM.
morphological classification (2)	Linguists have distinguished between head- and dependent-marking languages. Semitic languages are head marking languages; it is the head of the noun phrases that needs to have a special form when followed by a dependent noun; in the Germanic languages it is the head of the verb phrase that expresses person-number features of its subject. Grammatical dependencies on the other hand are in some of the Germanic languages expressed on the dependent noun phrases in form of case. [Your language] might be both, head- and dependent-marking, depending on the category of speech and or the type of feature expressed. This is what you can describe in this field.
Nominal Phrases	In kulango Nominal Phrase structures are: N + ADJ; N + DET and also POSS + N
syntactic structure	The linear order of elements in the noun phrase: N+DET
nominal modification	The basic types of nominal modification are adjectives, relative clauses, postpositions.
nominal specification	Determiners: +animate SG (nɩ); PL (bɛrɛ) –animate SG (rɛ); PL (wɩrɩ~) Demonstratives: mɷɷ~ (m) Numerals: taa `1`; bɩla; `2`; saa~bɩ `3`; na~ `4`; tɔ `5`; tɔrɔtaa `6`; torofiriɲu~ `7`; tɔrɔfɩrɩsaa~ `8`; tɔrɔfɩrɩna~ `9`; nu~nu `10`; jiplo `20` Quantifiers: pɛɛ `all`; pooko `lot of`
possession	In kulango possession is expressed by using morphemes. They position before the noun. There are: mɩ~ `my`; ɷ `your`; bɔ `his/her`; bɩ `our`; ɩ~ `your`; bɔ `their`.
pronominal system	kulango has free pronoun forms. We are object pronouns and subject pronouns Subject. Subject: animate: SG hɷ~ `he/she`; PL bɔ`they` inanimate: SG hɔ `it`; PL ɷ~ `its` Object: animate: SG ɩ~; re; jɛ etc. PL bɛ inanimate: SG jɛ, ge, ke etc. PL u~
Verbal Phrases	In the following fields serve for the description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of verbal constituents
word order	The basic word order of kulango is:
TAM	kulango use morphemes and tonal accent to express aspects accomplied and inaccomplied.
infinitival forms	In this field you indicate if kulango makes use of an infinitive marker? How many infinitival forms does your language have?
verbal constructions	In this field you indicate if kulango has ditransitive constructions, serial verb constructions or complex verb forms composed of several verbs. Does your language have so called light verbs, perhaps only used to indicate a certain tense or aspect?
Adpositions	In this field you indicate if [your language[ makes use of prepositions or postpositions. Does your language have spatial nouns? Does your language use adpositions or particles to indicate grammatical relations between the verb and a nominal argument?
Complementation	In this field you describe complementation strategies. Does [your language] make use of complementizers?
Special Properties of kulango	In this field you should mention properties of [your language] which did not fit into any of the other categories mentioned in this template

@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 |kulango use morphemes and tonal accent to express aspects accomplied and inaccomplied.
 <Phrase>10334</Phrase>
+<Phrase>10349</Phrase>