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User:Helen Atipoka

Revision as of 14:40, 11 November 2010 by Helen Atipoka (Talk | contribs)

I am a lecturer at the university of education,Winneba-Ghana. Copy this inside a wiki article:


Pɔka la dɔgɛ mɛ
“the woman has given birth”
Pɔka
pɔka
womanSBJ
N
la
la
theDEF
ART
dɔgɛ
dɔgɛ
givebirthVstem
V
completiveFOC
PRT
Tia la lu mɛ
“the tree has fallen”
Tia
tia
treeSBJ
N
la
la
articleDEF
DET
lu
lu
fallVstem
V
completiveFOC
PRT
Buraa la zu mɛ
“the man has stollen”
Buraa
buraa
manSBJ
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
zu
zu
stillVstem
V
completiveFOC
PRT
Ba nyɔkɛ ni e
“they caught him”
Ba
ba
they3PL
PN
nyɔkɛ
nyɔkɛ
catchVstem
V
ni
ni
pastFOC
PRT
e
e
him/her3SG
PN
Ba nyɔkɛ ni e mɛ
Ba
ba
they3PL
PN
nyɔkɛ
nyɔkɛ
catchVstem
V
ni
ni
completivePAST
PRT
e
e
him/her3SG
PN
FOC
PRT
Ba ŋmɛ ni e
“they beat him/her”
Ba
ba
they3PL
PN
ŋmɛ
ŋmɛ
beatVstem
V
ni
ni
completiveFOC
PRT
e
e
him/her3SG
PN
Ba ŋmɛ ni e mɛ
“they beat him/her”
Ba
ba
they3PL
PN
ŋmɛ
ŋmɛ
beatVstem
V
ni
ni
pastFOC
PRT
e
e
him3SG
PN
 
 
 
 
FOC
PRT
Pɔka Pɔka la Pɔka la?
“woman the woman the woman?”
Pɔka
pɔka
woman
N
 
 
 
 
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
?
la?
VOCQ
DET
kuka kuka la kuka la?
“chair the chair the chair?”
kuka
kuka
chairNOM
N
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
kuka
kaka
chairNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
kuka
kuka
chairNOM
N
la?
la?
theDEFQ
DET
Mui Mui la mui la?
“rice the rice the rice? ”
Mui
mui
riceNOM
N
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mui
mui
riceNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
mui
mui
riceNOM
N
la?
la?
theDEFQ
DET
Mam kɔ’ɔm di dia la za’a
“I just did eat all the food (Meaning: that is all I did)”
Mam
mam
1SG
PN
kɔ’ɔm
kɔ’ɔm
justMOD
ADVm
di
di
eatPAST
V
dia
dia
foodOBJ
N
la
la
DEF
DET
za’a
za’a
all
QUANT
kɔ’ɔm kina kalam kalam
Kɔ’ɔm
kɔ’ɔm
justFOC
 
kina
kina
walkVstem
V
kalam
kalam
quick
ADVm
kalam
kalam
quick
ADVm
Azuma n soi lo-katɛ la
“Azuma owns lo”
Azuma
azuma
AzumaNOM
N
n
n
whoREL
PN
soi
soi
own
V
lokatɛ
lokatɛ
lorryN>ADVbigADJ>N
N
la
la
defAFFMT
DET
Atia n sɔi loore wa?
“it this lorry Atia's?”
Atia
atia
AtiaNOM
N
n
n
whoFOC
PN
sɔi
sɔi
ownPOSS
PNposs
loore
loore
lorryNOM
N
wa?
wa?
this
DET
Aai, la de la Aduŋɔ dinɛ
“no, it is Adongo's”
Aai
aai
no
 
la
la
it
PN
de
the
isAUX
V
la
la
FOC
 
Aduŋɔ
aduŋɔ
AdongoNOM
N
dinɛ
dinɛ
ownFOC
DET
Azuma n sɔi yire la?
“is the house Azuma's?”
Azuma
azuma
AzumaNOM
N
n
n
whoREL
PN
sɔi
sɔi
ownPOSS
PNposs
yire
yire
houseNOM
 
la?
la?
the?DEF
DET
Aai, la de la Asibi n sɔi
Aai
aai
no
 
la
la
itFOC
PN
de
de
isAUX
V
la
la
defAFFMT
DET
Asibi
asibi
Asibi'sNOM
N
n
n
whoREL
PN
sɔi
sɔi
ownPOSS
PNposs
Akologo n sɔi fu-mɔlega la?
“is the white dress Akolgo's”
Akolgo
akolgo
AkolgoNOM
N
n
n
whoREL
PN
sɔi
sɔi
ownPOSS
PNposs
fumɔlega
fumɔlega
dressNOMredADJ>N
N
la?
la?
the?DEF
DET
Aai, Akolgo fuo la de la pɛɛlega
“no, Akolgo's dress is white”
Aai
aai
no
 
Akolgo
Akolgo
AkolgoNOM
N
fuo
fuo
dressNOM
N
la
la
FOC
DET
de
the
isAUX
V
la
la
FOC
DET
pɛɛlega
pɛɛlega
white
ADJ
ba di ya
“they have eaten”
ba
ba
they3PL
PN
di
di
eatVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
PRT
Pɔka la kule ya
“the woman is gone home”
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
kule
kule
goVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
PRT
Bia la ga’arɛ ya
“the child is asleep”
Bia
bia
childNOM
N
la
la
theAFFMT
DET
ga’arɛ
ga’arɛ
sleepVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
 
Boole la tasɛ ya
“the ball has burst”
Boole
boole
ballNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
tasɛ
tasɛ
burstVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
PRT
Bia la pee ya
“the child has washed”
Bia
bia
childNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
pee
pee
washVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
PRT
Pɔka la dɔgɛ mɛ
“the woman has given birth”
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
dɔgɛ
dɔgɛ
deliverVstem
V
FOC
PRT


Buraa la zu mɛ
“the man has stolen”
Buraa
buraa
manNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
zu
zu
stillVstem
V
FOC
PRT
Ba nyɔkɛ ni e
“the had caght him”
Ba
ba
they3PL
PN
nyɔkɛ
nyɔkɛ
catchVstem
V
ni
ni
completiveFOC
PRT
e
e
him3SG
PN
Ba nyɔkɛ ni e mɛ
Ba
ba
they3PL
PN
nyɔkɛ
nyɔkɛ
catchVstem
V
ni
ni
completiveFOC
PRT
e
e
him3SG
PN
FOC
PRT
Ba ŋmɛ ni e
“they beat him”
Ba
ba
they3PL
PN
ŋmɛ
ŋmɛ
beatVstem
V
ni
ni
completiveFOC
PRT
e
e
him3SG
PN
Ba ŋmɛ ni e mɛ
Pɔka Pɔka la Pɔka la?
“woman, the woman the woman?”
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
la?
la?
theDEFQ
DET
kuka kuka la kuka la?
“chair, the chair, the chair?”
kuka
kuka
chairNOM
N
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
kuka
kuka
chairNOM
N
la
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
kúká
kúká
chairNOM
N
láá?
?
theDEFQ
DET
Mui Mui la mui la-?
“rice, the rice, the rice?”
Mui
mui
riceNOM
N
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mui
mui
riceNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
mui
mui
riceNOM
N
la?
la?
theDEFQ
DET
Mam kɔ’ɔm di dia la za’a
“I ate all the food”
Mam
mam
ISTR
N
kɔ’ɔm
kɔ’ɔm
FOC
 
di
di
eatVstem
V
dia
dia
foodOBJ
N
la
la
defAFFMT
DET
za’a
za’a
all
ADVm
Kɔ’ɔm kina kalam kalam
“keep on walking harriedly”
Kɔ’ɔm
kɔ’ɔm
justFOC
 
kina
kina
walkVstem
V
kalam
kalam
quickADJ>ADV
ADJ
kalam
kalam
quickADJ>ADV
ADJ
Azuma n sɔi lo-katɛ la
“the big car is Azuma's”
Azuma
azuma
AzumaNOM
N
n
n
whoFOC
PN
sɔi
sɔi
ownPOSS
PNposs
lokatɛ
lokatɛ
lorryNOMbigADJ>N
N
la
la
defFOC
DET
Atia n sɔi loore wa?
“this car is Atias”
Atia
atia
AtiaNOM
N
n
n
whoFOC
PN
sɔi
sɔi
ownPOSS
PNposs
loore
loore
lorryNOM
N
wa?
wa?
this
DET
Aai, la de la Aduŋɔ dinɛ
“no, it is Adongo's”
Aai
aai
no
 
la
la
it
PN
de
the
isAUX
V
la
la
FOC
DET
Aduŋɔ
aduŋɔ
AdongoNOM
N
dinɛ
dinɛ
ownFOC
DET
Azuma n sɔi yire la?
Azuma
azuma
AzumaNOM
N
n
n
whoFOC
PN
sɔi
sɔi
ownPOSS
PNposs
yire
yire
houseNOM
N
la?
la?
theDEF
PRT
Aai, la de la Asibi n sɔi
“no, it is Asibi's”
Aai
aai
no
 
la
la
itPART
DET
de
de
isAUX
V
la
la
FOC
DET
Asibi
asibi
Asibi'sNOM
N
n
n
whoFOC
PN
sɔi
sɔi
ownPOSS
PNposs
Akolgo n sɔi fu-mɔlega la?
Akolgo
akolgo
AkolgoNOM
N
n
n
whoFOC
PN
sɔi
sɔi
ownPOSS
PNposs
fumɔlega
fumɔlega
dressNOMredADJ>N
N
la?
la?
the?DEF
DET
Aai, Akolgo fuo la de la pɛɛlega
“no, Akolgo's dress is white”
Aai
aai
no
 
Akolgo
akolgo
AkolgoNOM
N
fuo
fuo
dressNOM
N
la
la
FOC
DET
de
de
isAUX
V
la
la
FOC
DET
pɛɛlega
pɛɛlega
white
ADJ
Ba di ya
“they have eaten ”
Ba
ba
they3PL
PN
di
di
eatVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
PRT
Pɔka la kule ya
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
la
la
theAFFMT
DET
kule
kule
goVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
PRT
Bia la ga’arɛ ya
“the child has slept”
Bia
bia
childNOM
N
la
la
theAFFMT
DET
ga’arɛ
ga’arɛ
sleepVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
PRT
Boole la tasɛ ya
“the ball has burst”
Boole
boole
ballNOM
N
la
la
theAFFMT
DET
tasɛ
tasɛ
burstVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
PRT
Bia la pee ya
“the child has washed”
Bia
bia
childNOM
N
la
la
theAFFMT
DET
pee
pee
washVstem
V
ya
ya
FOC
PRT
yi N yi?
“call. should I call?”
yi
yi
callVstem
V
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N
N
IFOC
PN
yí?
yi?
callVstemQ
V
a yi bia la a yi bia la?
“he shoud call the child. He should call the child?”
a
a
he
PN
yi
yi
callVstem
V
bia
bia
childNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a
a
he
PN
yi
yi
callVstem
V
bia
bia
childNOM
N
la?
la?
theDEFQ
DET
nyɔkὲ buà là N nyɔkέ buá lá-á-?
“catch the goat. Should I catch the goat?”
nyɔkὲ
nyɔkὲ
catchVstem
V
buà
buà
goatNOM
N
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
N
N
IFOC
PN
nyɔkέ
nyɔkέ
catchVstem
V
buá
buá
goatNOM
N
láá?
á?
theDEFFOCQ
DET
à dì dìà là á dí diá lá-á-?
“he has eaten the food. Has he eaten the food? ”
à
à
he
PN
eatVstem
V
dìà
dìà
foodNOM
N
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
á
á
he
PN
eatVstem
V
diá
diá
foodNOM
N
láá?
á?
theDEFFOCQ
DET
à yè là yire á yé lá yíré-é-?
“he is going to the house. Is he going to the house?”
à
à
he
PN
goVstem
V
theDEF
DET
yírè
yírè
houseNOM
N
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
á
á
he
PN
goVstem
V
theDEF
DET
yíréé?
yíréé?
houseNOMFOCQ
N
à kùlì mὲ á kúlí mέ-έ-?
“he is gone-home. Is he gone home?”
à
à
he
PN
kùlì
kùlì
go-homeVstem
V
mὲ
mὲ
perfFOC
PRT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
á
á
he
PN
kúlí
kúlí
go-homeVstem
V
mέέ?
mέ?
perfFOCVOCQ
PRT
Mam nɔŋɛ nɛnɔ
“Ilike meat”
Mam
mam
ISTR
N
nɔŋɛ
nɔŋɛ
likeVstem
V
nɛnɔ
nɛnɔ
meatNOM
N
Mam nuurɛ mam nɔgɛ la mui
“for me, I like rie”
Mam
mam
me
PN
nuurɛ
nuurɛ
FOC
 
mam
mam
ISBJ
PN
nɔgɛ
nɔgɛ
likeVstem
V
la
la
FOC
DET
mui
mui
riceNOM
N
Iŋa nuurɛ a nɔŋɛ la nyɔa
“for hmim, he likes ya”
Iŋa
iŋa
him
PN
nuurɛ
nuurɛ
FOC
PRT
a
a
heSBJ
PN
nɔŋɛ
nɔŋɛ
likeVstem
V
la
la
FOC
DET
nyɔa
nyɔa
yamNOM
N
Tumam nuurɛ tumam nɔŋɛ la ki
“for us, we like millet”
Tumam
tumam
us
PN
nuurɛ
nuurɛ
FOC
PRT
tumam
tumam
weSBJ
PN
nɔŋɛ
nɔŋɛ
likeVstem
V
la
la
FOC
DET
ki
ki
milletNOM
N
Bamam nuurɛ bamam nɔŋɛ la ziirɔ
“for them, they like soup”
Bamam
bamam
them
PN
nuurɛ
nuurɛ
FOC
PRT
bamam
bamam
theySBJ
PN
nɔŋɛ
nɔŋɛ
likeVstem
V
la
la
FOC
DET
ziirɔ
ziirɔ
soupNOM
N
N miŋa n ŋmɛ buraa la
“I beat the man myself”
N
N
IFOC
PN
miŋa
miŋa
myselfREFL
PN
n
n
whoFOC
PN
ŋmɛ
ŋmɛ
beatVstem
V
buraa
buraa
manOBJ
N
la
la
theFOC
DET
N miŋa n dugɛ dia la
“I cooked the food myself”
N
N
myFOC
PN
miŋa
miŋa
selfREFL
PN
n
n
whoFOC
PN
dugɛ
dugɛ
cookVstem
V
dia
dia
foodOBJ
N
la
la
theFOC
DET
A miŋa n lu
“hlfe fell by himse”
A
a
him
PN
miŋa
miŋa
myselfREFL
PN
n
n
whoFOC
PN
lu
lu
fallVstem
V
Ba miŋa n kiŋɛ da’a la
“they went to the market by themselves”
Ba
ba
them3PL
PN
miŋa
miŋa
selfREFL
PN
n
n
whoFOC
PN
kiŋɛ
kiŋɛ
goVstem
V
da’a
da’a
marketNOM
N
la
la
theFOC
DET
Fu miŋa n loe
“you chose it yourself”
Fu
fu
your
PN
miŋa
miŋa
selfREFL
PN
n
n
whoFOC
PN
loe
loe
chooseVstem
V
nyɔkɛ bua la
nyɔkɛ
nyɔ
catchCOMPL
V
bua
bua
goatCL
N
la
la
DEF
PRT


Tia la lu mɛ
Buraa la zu mɛ
Ba nyɔkɛ ni e
Ba nyɔkɛ ni e mɛ
Ba ŋmɛ ni e
Ba ŋmɛ ni e mɛ
Pɔka Pɔka la Pɔka la?
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
la
la
theDEF
DET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pɔka
pɔka
womanNOM
N
la?
?
Q
DET
kùkà kùká lá kúká láá?
Mùì Mùí lá múi láá?
Mam kɔ’ɔm di dia la za’a
Kɔ’ɔm kina kalam kalam
Azuma n soi lokatɛ la
Atia n sɔi loore wa?
Aai, la de la Aduŋɔ dinɛ
Azuma n sɔi yire la?
Aai, la de la Asibi n sɔi
Akologo n sɔi fumɔlega la?
Aai, Akologo fuo la de la pɛɛlega
ba di ya
Pɔka la kule ya
Bia la ga’arɛ ya
Boole la tasɛ ya
Bia la pee ya
Pɔka la dɔgɛ mɛ
Tia la lu mɛ
Buraa la zu mɛ
Ba nyɔkɛ ni e
Ba nyɔkɛ ni e mɛ
Ba ŋmɛ ni e
Ba ŋmɛ ni e mɛ
Pɔkà Pɔká lá Pɔká láá?
kùkà kùká lá kúká láá?
Mùì Mùí lá múi láá?
Mam kɔ’ɔm di dia la za’a
Kɔ’ɔm kina kalam kalam
Azuma n soi lokatɛ la
Atia n sɔi loore wa?
Aai, la de la Aduŋɔ dinɛ
Azuma n sɔi yire la?
Aai, la de la Asibi n sɔi
Akologo n sɔi fu mɔlega la?
Aai, Akologo fuo la de la pɛɛlega
Ba di ya
Pɔka la kule ya
Bia la ga’arɛ ya
Boole la tasɛ ya
Bia la pee ya
yì n yíí?
à yì bìà l à á yí biá láá?
nyɔkὲ buà là n nyɔkέ buá láá?
à dì dìà là á dí diá láá?
à yì là yire á yé lá yíréé?
à kùlì mὲ á kúlí mέ ?
Mam nɔŋɛ nɛnɔ
Mam nuuri mam nɔgɛ la mui
Iŋa nuuri a nɔŋɛ la nyɔa
Tumam nuuri tumam nɔŋɛ la ki
Bamam nuuri bamam nɔŋɛ la ziirɔ
N miŋa n ŋmɛ buraa la
N miŋa n dugɛ dia la
A miŋa n lu
Ba miŋa n kiŋɛ da’a la
Fu miŋa n loe
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