Ga Valence Profile
--Lars Hellan (talk) 10:12, 14 October 2016 (CEST) Some of the resources described below have been edited into a unitary resource called GaVal.
Contents
The resources
We here describe Verb resources for Ga, to some extent corresponding to the English VerbNet, although on a much smaller scale. Based on a general-purpose dictionary of Ga, a detailed refinement of the description of the valency of its verbs has been made, coded in a formalism specifically designed for facilitating possible sub-classifications of the information, both for standard presentation and for digital applications, some of them online. These facilities allow for the investigation of a range of possible patterns in the area of verb valency, verb syntax and semantics, and for the hypothesizing of further factors. Given a consistent deployment of the same or a comparable descriptive framework for other languages, the methodology opens for cross-linguistic studies in the areas mentioned as well.
A monograph, authored by Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu, going through most of the verb types in Ga is found here: Ga_verb_dictionary (the monograph is not yet completed).
A version of this work formatted for digital processing, prepared by Tore Bruland, is found here: Ga_verb_dictionary_for_digital_processing
The work uses a valency code called Construction Labeling (CL). An introduction to this code is given in Verbconstructions cross-linguistically - Introduction, and the wiki page Ga annotated corpus illustrates it for a number of sentences in Ga..
Below are presented some views of the resource:
First is provided a set of files where construction/valency frames are ordered according to the Situation Type expressed; English glosses and examples are found in Ga_verb_dictionary_for_digital_processing. (A possible application of this sorting will be the construction of valency classes for Ga.)
ABSENT Download file ACQUISITION Download file CARETAKING Download file CAUSATIVE Download file CAUSED Download file CLOSING Download file COGNITION Download file COMMUNICATION Download file COMPARISON Download file COMPLETEDMONODEVMNT Download file CONTACT Download file CREATION Download file CUTTING Download file EJECTION Download file EMOTION Download file EXPERIENCING Download file INCHOATION Download file MAINTAINPOSITION Download file MOTION Download file MOTIONDIRECTED Download file PHENOM Download file PLACEMENT Download file POSTURE Download file PROPERTY Download file PSYCHSTATE Download file REMOVAL Download file SENSATION Download file STATE Download file TRANSFER Download file USINGVEHICLE Download file The files are all assembled in Ga-lex-files Download zip-file
The following zip-file
Ga-valency-types-and-features Download zip-file
contains all the frames sorted according to their valency type, expressed in terms of major valency categories such as
intr, intrComp, intrVid, tr, trComp,trObl, trVid, ditr, ditrComp, ditrVid, ev, sv,,
and construction specific features such as
suPossp, obPossp meaning that subj/obj has a standard possessor-possessee structure; suPostp, obPostp meaning that subj/obj is a post-position phrase, here analyzed as possessor followed by a relational noun; suBPspec, obBPspec means that the head of the subj/obj expresses a bodypart of the possessor. and others.
The following zip-file
"Ga Valency classes" Download zip-file
contains putative Valency classes, each class formally identified as a set of verbs which share the same valency frame potential, partitioning a class of 470 verbs, and with the following frame types as discriminants:
intr, intrComp, intrVid, tr, trComp,trObl, trVid, ditr, ditrComp, ditrVid, ev, sv,
Examples of such classes are:
Verbs that occur in intransitive frame only. (51 verbs) Verbs that occur in transitive frame only. (144 verbs) Verbs that occur in ditransitive frame only. (4 verbs) Verbs that occur in intransitive and transitive frame only. (44 verbs) Verbs that occur in transitive and ditransitive frame only. (9 verbs) Verbs that occur in intransitive, transitive and ditransitive frame only. (6 verbs) Verbs that occur in extended verb complex frame only. (15 verbs) Verbs that occur in serial verb frame only. (20 verbs) Verbs that occur in transitive and serial verb frame only. (15 verbs) Verbs that occur in intransitive, transitive and serial verb frame only. (14 verbs)
A compact exemplification of frame types
The list of templates below gives an indication of the array of valency frames in Ga.
Some of the types in the list are exemplified by annotated sentences in the text collection http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/16/. A wiki display of these examples is available at Ga annotated corpus. To see a specific type exemplified in the database, go to 'TypeCraft Search' under the triple-horisontal bar in the top left corner, find the following path (you can create a new tab for this):
Phrase search -> Phrase level -> Phrase description
glue the valence type label into the slot 'Phrase description', and push 'Search'.
Intransitive
v-intr-suAg-COMMUNICATION v-intr-suAgmover-MOTION v-intr-suTh-PHENOM v-intr-suTh-PROPTY_ASCR v_aor-intr-suTh-STATE v_aor-intr-suTh-PROPTY_ESTABD v_hab-intr-suTh-PROPTY_GEN v_perf-intr-suTh-PROPTY_ESTABD v_perf-intr-suAff-ENDSTATE v_perf-intr-suExp-PSYCHSTATE v_prog-intr-suTh-PROPTY_DYN v_aor-intr-suPossp_suBPspec-suTh-EMOTION v-intr-suPossp_suBPspec-suAg-PSYCHSTATE v-intr-suPostp-suLocus-PROPTY_ASCR v_hab-intr-suPostp-suLocus-PROPTY v_perf-intr-suPostp-suLocus-PROPTY_ESTABD v_perf-intr-suPostp_suUnif-suLocus-PROPTY_ESTABD v-intr-suPostpSpecPossp_suSpecBPspec-suLocus-PROPTY v-intrComp-compDECLbare_suIDcompSu-suAg_obThsit-ABILITY v-intrComp-compIRRcmp_suIDcompSu-suAg-MOTION_DIR v-intrComp-compIRRcmp_suIDcompSu-suAgintent-ABILITY v-intrImpersComp-suExpl_compDECLcmp-NEED v_perf-intrScpr-scResIncrm_scAdj-suTh-PROPTY_ESTABD v-intrScpr-scAdj-suAg-PROPTY_DYN v-intrScpr-scAdj-suLocus-PROPTY v-intrScpr-scAdv-suAg-PROPTY v-intrScpr-scAdj-suAg-PROPTY_ESTABD v_perf-intrScpr-suPostp_scResIncrm_scAdj-suLocus-PROPTY_ESTABD v-intrVid-suTh_vidObTrgt-COMPARISON_COMPARATIVE v-intrVid-suTh_vidObTrgt-COMPARISON_EQUATIVE v-intrScprVid-scAdj_vidObPostp-suTh_vidObLoc-PROPTY
Transitive
v-tr-suAg_obMover-EJECTION v-tr-suAg_obLoc-MAINTAINPOSITION v-tr-suAgmover_obEndpt-MOTION_DIRECTED v-tr-suAg_obTh-ASKING v-tr-suEff_obExp-EXPER v_prog-tr-suEff_obIncraff-EXPER v-tr-suExper_obLoc-COGNITION v-tr-suPoss_obThAbst-PROPTY v-tr-suPossAbst_obLoc-PROPTY v-tr-suSens_obPercpt-PERCPT v-tr-suTh_obLoc-REDUCTION v-tr-suIDobSpec_obPossp_obBPspec-suAg_obAff-PSYCHSTATE v-tr-suIDobSpec_obPostp-suAg_obLoc-WASHING v-tr-suIDobSpecSpec_obPostp_obSpecPostp-suAg_obLocus-COLLECT v-tr-suPossp_suBPSpec_obIDsuSpec-suLocus_obExp-EXPER v-tr-suPostp-suLocus_obThAbst-PROPTY v-tr-suPostp-suLocus_obEndpt-PROPTY_DYN v-tr-suPostp_obIDsuSpec-suLocus_obExp-EXPER v-tr-suPostp_obPostp-suActivated_obThloc-SUCCESS v-tr-suPostp_obUnif-suLocus_obEndstate-PROPTY_ESTABD v-tr-suSpecIDobSpec_suBPspec-suTh_obEndpt-PSYCHSTATE v-tr-obBPsu-suPoss_obTh-PROPTY v-tr-obPostp-suAg_obTh-CARETAKING v-tr-obPostp-suAg-obLocus-CONTINUATION v-tr-obPostp-suAgmover_obEndpt-MOTION_DIRECTED v-tr-obPostp-suAgsens_obLocus-COGNITION v-tr-obPostp-suAgeff_obLocus- v-tr-obPostp-suEff_obLocus-EXPER v-tr-obPostp-suSens_obLocus-PERCPT v-tr-obPostp-suStartpt_obLoc-COMPARISON_EQUATIVE v-tr-obPostp-suTh_obLocus-DEPEND v_hab-trLght-obUnif-suAg_obThAbst-PROPTY_GEN v-tr-obUnif-suAgsens_obLocus-PERCPT v-tr-obSpecPostp-suSens_obPercpt-PERCPT v-tr_obDECLcmp-suSens_obPercsit-PERCPT v-tr-obIRRcmp-suAgintent_obThsit-INTENT v-tr-obIRRbare-suAgintent_obThsit-INTENT v-tr-suIDobSu_obNomvL-suAg_obThsit-INCHOATIVE v-tr-suIDobSu_obNomvL-suAg_obThsit-STOPPING v-tr-suIDobSu_obNomvL-suAg_obThsit-DOFREQUENTLY v-tr-suPossp_suSpecIDob-suEff_obSens-EXPERIENCE v-tr-obPostp_obSpecNomvL-suAg_obLocsit-CONTINUATION v-tr-obPostp-suAg_obLoc-MAINTAINPOSITION v-tr-obPostp-suAg_obLocus-COMMUNICATION v-tr-obIRRbare-suAgintent_obThsit-PERMISSION v-tr-obNomvL-suAg_obThsit-CONTINUATION v-trAdv-suTh_obEndpt-IMPRECATION v-trExpn-suObIDexpSuOb_expnIRRbare-suAg_obTh-ACHVMNT v-trComp-obPostp_compDECLcmp-suAg_obLocus-COMMUNICATION v-trExpn-obIDexpnSu_expnDECLcmp-suSens_obTh-PERCPT v-trImpers-suExpl-obAff v_HAB-trImpersComp-suExpl_obNomvL v-trVid-suAg_obAffincrem_vidObTrgt-COMPARISON_COMPARATIVE v-trVid-vidObBPspec-suAg_obTh_vidObLoc-ACQUISITION v-trVid-obPostp_vidObBPspec-suAg_obTop_vidObLoc-ASKING_ABOUT v-trVid-obPostp_obSpecIDvidObSpec-suAg_obLocus_vidObLoc-EXPER v-trVid-vidObPostp-suMover_obEndpt_vidObLocus-CHANGE_STATUS v-trVid-vidObPostp-suExper_obLoc_vidObStartpt-CONSCIOUSNESS v-trVid-obUnif-suAg_obTh_vidObLoc-ASSUME_LOCATION
Ditransitive
v-ditr-suAg_obTrgt_ob2Content-COMMUNICATION v-ditr-suAg_iobRec_obTh-TRANSFER v-ditr-suAg_obTrgt_ob2Loc-COMMUNICATION v-ditr-suAg_iobTrgt_obThmover-COMMUNICATION v-ditr-suAg_obAff_ob2Instr-CUTTING v-ditr-suAg_obLoc_ob2Res-CUTTING v_hab-ditr-suNrg_ob2DECLcmp-obSens_ob2Thsit-COGNITION v-ditr-obPostp-suAg_obEndpt_ob2Th-PLACEMENT v-ditr-obPostp-suAg_obLocus_ob2Instr-CARETAKING v-ditr-obPostp-suAg_obLocus-ob2Thmover-REMOVAL v-ditr-obPostp_ob2DECLcmp-suAg_obLoc_ob2Thsit-COGNITION v-ditr-obUnif-suAgsens_iobTrgt_obTh-PERCPT v-ditr-obUnif-suAgsens_iobTrgt_obContent-EMOTION_DIRECTED v-ditr-ob2Unif-suIDobSpec_obPostp-suAgsens_ob2Locus_obTh-PERCPT v-ditrVid-suIDob2SpecSpec_obIDvidObSpec_ob2SpecPostp-suAg_obTrgt-ob2Th-vidObLoc-REMOV
Copula
v-copN-PROPTY
Extended Verb Complex
ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obEventunit-vtr-obPostp-obLocus-CONTINUATION ev_suAg-pv1tr-obStartpt-vintr-DEPARTURE ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obTh-vtr-suIDobSpec_obPostp-obLoc-POSSESSION ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obInstr-vditr-iobBen_obPercpt-EXHIBITOBJ ev_suExper-pv1tr-pv1obExpl-vtr-obEndpt-EXPERIENCE ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obPro-pv1obInstrsit-vtr-obPostp-obLocus-CARETAKING ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obNomvL-pv1obThsit-vtr-vobEndpt-FINISH ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obPossp_pv1obBPspec_pv1suIDpv1obSpec-pv1obTh-vtr-obPostp-obLoc- ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obPostp_obNrg-vtr-obTrgt ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obPro- pv1obThsit-vtr-obPostp_suIDobSpec-obLocus- ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obTh-vtr-obEndpt-COVER ev_suAg-pv1tr-pv1obTh-vtr-obPostp-obEndpt-COVER
Serial Verb Construction
sv_suAspID_suTh-v1intr-v2intr-v2suClit- sv-suAspID_suAg-v1tr-v1obTh-v2tr-v2suClit-v2obEndpnt-PLACEMENT sv_suAspID_suAg-v1intr- v2tr-v2suClit-v2obBen-HELP sv_suAspID_suAg-v1tr-v1obTh-v2tr-v2suClit-v2obEndpt-EJECTION_DIRECTED sv_suAspID_suAg-v1tr-v1obTh-v2tr-v2suClit-v2obBen-PERMISSION sv_suAspID_suAg-v1tr-obThAbst-v2_ev-pvtr-pvobPro-pvobThsit-vtr-obBen sv_suAspID_suAg-v1tr-v1obPostp_v1suIDobSpec-v1obLocus-v2tr-v2suClit-v2obTrgt-DISPLAY sv_suAspID_suAg-v1tr-v1obTh-v2_ev2_suAspID-pv1tr-pv1obThsit-pv2intr-v2tr-v2iobRec- sv_suAspID-suAg-v1tr-v1obEndpt-v2_ev2-pv1tr-pv1obThsit-v2tr-v2iobBen-REPRESENT sv_suObAspID_suAg-v1tr-v1obThmover-v2tr-v2suClit_v2obPro-v2obThmover-EJECTION sv_suObAspID_suAg-v1tr-v1obContent-v2ditr-v2suClit_v2obPro-v2obThmover_v2ob2Endpt- sv_suAspID_suAg_v1obSpecIDv2ob-v1tr-v1obPostp-v1obLocus-v2ditr-v2obPro-v2iobRec-v2obTh
For the corresponding Norwegian valence profile, see Valence Profile Norwegian, and for a valence profile for Kistaninya, see Valence Profile Kistaninya. A profile for English is found at Valence Profile English.